Computer function

Computer function (Chap. 5)

Computer class (Chap. 1; Part 3)

Scientific

Maxicomputer

Commercial

Manufacturing

Minicomputer

Communications

Transportation

Microcomputer

Education

Monolithic microcomputer

Home

Computer structure

Logic technology (Chap. 6)

Generation

Component complexity

Historical date

Pc.speed (s)

Cost/operation($/bit/s)

Mechanical Electromechanical

1930

10^-1

1000

Vacuum tube

First

1945

10^-3

10

Transistor

Second

1 transistor

1958

10^-5

1

Hybrid

1964

10^-6

Small- and medium-
scale integrated (SSI, MSI)

Third

1 ~ 10 gates, SSI; 10~ 100 gates, MSI

1966

10^-7

0.1

Large-scale integrated (LSI)

Fourth

10 ~10,000 gates

1972

10^-8

0.01

Very-large-scale integrated (VLSI)

Fifth

10,000 ~100,000 gates

1978

10^-8

0.0001

Ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI)

Sixth

100,000 gates

Log bytes of virtual address

Word size

Base

Data-types

1-12

8b 12 b

Binary Decimal

Word
Integer½ address [integer]

12-20

16 b 18 b

Bit½ bit vector
Instruction

20-24

24 b

Floating point

24-32

32 b

Character

32-48

48 b 64 b

Character [6b] Character [8b]

Character string Word vector
Vector
Matrix
Array
Lists, stacks

Addresses/instruction (Chap. 6)

M.processor state (excluding program counter) (Chap. 6)

0 address [stack]

Stack

1 address

1 accumulator

1 + x [index] address

Accumulator and index registers

1 + g [general register] address

General-register array

2 address

3 address

No explicit state

n + 1 address