It has been proposed that email clients could be improved if they presented messages grouped into conversations. An email conversation is the tree of related messages that arises from the use of the reply operation. We propose two models of conversation. The first model characterizes a conversation as a chronological sequence of messages; the second as a tree based on the reply relationship. We show how existing email clients and prior research projects implicitly support each model to a greater or lesser degree depending on their design, but none fully supports both models simultaneously. We present a mixed-model visualization that simultaneously presents sequence and reply relationships among the messages of a conversation, making both visible at a glance. We describe the integration of the visualization into a working prototype email client. A usability study indicates that the system meets our usability goals and verifies that the visualization fully conveys both types of relationships within the messages of an email conversation.

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In  CHI '03: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems

Publisher  ACM

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Previous Versions

JJ Cadiz, Laura Dabbish, Anoop Gupta, and Gina D. Venolia. Supporting Email Workflow, September 2001.

Gina D. Venolia and Carman Neustaedter. Understanding Sequence and Reply Relationships within Email Conversations: A Mixed-Model Visualization, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., January 2003.