Performance-Driven Hand-Drawn Animation

  • Ian Buck ,
  • Adam Finkelstein ,
  • Chuck Jacobs ,
  • Allison W. Klein ,
  • David Salesin ,
  • Joshua Seims ,
  • ,
  • Kentaro Toyama

Published by Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

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We present a novel method for generating performance-driven, “hand-drawn” animation in real-time. Given an annotated set of hand-drawn faces for various expressions, our algorithm performs multi-way morphs to generate real-time animation that mimics the expressions of a user. Our system consists of a vision-based tracking component and a rendering component. Together, they form an animation system that can be used in a variety of applications, including teleconferencing, multi-user virtual worlds, compressed instructional videos, and consumer-oriented animation kits.

This paper describes our algorithms in detail and illustrates the potential for this work in a teleconferencing application. Experience with our implementation suggests that there are several advantages to our hand-drawn characters over other alternatives: (1) flexibility of animation style; (2) increased compression of expression information; and (3) masking of errors made by the face tracking system that are distracting in photorealistic animations.

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