Image Analogies

  • Aaron Hertzmann ,
  • Chuck Jacobs ,
  • Nuria Oliver ,
  • Brian Curless ,
  • David H. Salesin

Published by Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

Publication

This paper describes a new framework for processing images by example, called “image analogies.” The framework involves two stages: a design phase, in which a pair of images, with one image purported to be a “filtered” version of the other, is presented as “training data”; and an application phase, in which the learned filter is applied to some new target image in order to create an “analogous” filtered result. Image analogies are based on a simple multiscale autoregression, inspired primarily by recent results in texture synthesis. By choosing different types of source image pairs as input, the framework supports a wide variety of “image filter” effects, including traditional image filters, such as blurring or embossing; super-resolution, in which a higher-resolution image is inferred from a low-resolution source; improved texture synthesis, in which some textures are synthesized with better coherence than previous approaches; texture transfer, in which images are “texturized” with some arbitrary source texture; artistic filters, in which various drawing and painting styles are synthesized based on scanned real-world examples; and texture-by-numbers, in which realistic scenes, composed of a variety of textures, are created using a simple painting interface.