Self-organization of the sound inventories: Analysis and synthesis of the occurrence and co-occurrence networks of consonants

  • Animesh Mukherjee ,
  • Monojit Choudhury ,
  • Anupam Basu ,
  • Niloy Ganguly

Journal of Quantitative Linguistics | , Vol 16(2): pp. 157-184

The sound inventories of the world’s languages self-organize themselves giving rise to similar cross-linguistic patterns. In this work we attempt to capture this phenomenon of self-organization, which shapes the structure of the consonant inventories, through a complex network approach. For this purpose we define the occurrence and co-occurrence networks of consonants and systematically study some of their important topological properties. A crucial observation is that the occurrence as well as the co-occurrence of consonants across languages follow a power law distribution. This property is arguably a consequence of the principle of preferential attachment. In order to support this argument we propose a synthesis model which reproduces the degree distribution for the networks to a close approximation. We further observe that the co-occurrence network of consonants show a high degree of clustering and subsequently refine our synthesis model in order to incorporate this property. Finally, we discuss how preferential attachment manifests itself through the evolutionary nature of language.